Sprains

Wrenching or twisting of a joint in which only the soft tissues are affected.

Persons most commonly affected: All age groups and both sexes.
Organ or part of body involved: Joints
Symptoms and indications: Joint pain or muscle pain, swelling, discoloration of the skin, especially bruising, impaired joint function.
Causes and risk factors: A sprain can result from a fall, a sudden twist, or a blow to the body that forces a joint out of its normal position. This results in an overstretch or tear of the ligament supporting that joint. Typically, sprains occur when people fall and land on an outstretched arm, slide into base, land on the side of their foot, or twist a knee with the foot planted firmly on the ground.
Prevention: Wear protective footwear for activities that place stress on your ankle and other joints. Make sure that shoes (including athletic shoes) fit your feet properly. Avoid high-heeled shoes. Always warm-up and stretch prior to exercise and sports. Avoid sports and activities for which you are not conditioned.